On kidsdata.org, high school graduation is measured by the number and percentage of public school students from the graduating class (the four-year adjusted cohort) who receive a regular high school diploma. These data are available for the state, counties, and school districts overall and, at the state and county level, by gender and by race/ethnicity.

Kidsdata.org also provides the number and percentage of students who do not complete high school with their graduating class, overall and by race/ethnicity.

Graduating from high school is associated with a range of positive life outcomes, from better employment and income prospects to better health and life expectancy (1). Although many young people who do not receive a high school diploma go on to earn an equivalency degree, such as a GED, this credential is associated with lower earning potential than a standard diploma (2).

The benefits of graduating from high school do not stop with the individual; society also benefits in significant ways (3). For example, if the U.S. reached a 90% graduation rate for just one class of students, it would increase annual earnings by an estimated $3.1 billion (3). High school graduates also are less likely to have public health insurance, be uninsured, or engage in criminal activity (3, 4). One study estimates that students who drop out of high school are over three times more likely to be arrested by age 18 than those who graduate (4).

The graduation rate among California high school students from the class of 2020 was 84%. Across counties with data, 12 had rates above 90%, while four were lower than 75%. Statewide, girls are more likely to graduate high school with their class than are boys, as are Asian, Filipino, and white students when compared with their peers in other groups.

More than 43,000 students from California's class of 2020 did not complete high school with their cohort—approximately 1 in every 11 students. The rate of exit before completing high school varies widely by region and race/ethnicity; e.g., among groups with data from the 2020 class, the percentage of African American/black and American Indian/Alaska Native students not completing high school was nearly double the percentage of white students and more than three times that for Asian and Filipino students.

Graduating from high school is linked to positive employment, income, and health outcomes for individuals as well as to larger social and economic benefits (1). Students may not finish high school for a variety of reasons. Risk factors for dropping out include absenteeism, behavior problems, poor performance in math or reading, and grade retention (1, 2). Underlying causes for these factors may be related to poverty and limited access to quality learning opportunities throughout childhood, chronic physical or mental health conditions, family issues, or other adverse life events (1, 3). Children at risk for poor educational outcomes can be identified and supported early to stay engaged in school (1, 2). In addition to identifying and addressing risk factors, policymakers can promote evidence-based strategies to foster student, family, school, and community strengths associated with higher graduation rates (1, 2).

Although California's graduation rate is on the rise and disparities by race/ethnicity have narrowed in recent years, rates still are lowest for African American/black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic/Latino, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander students (4). Other populations at higher risk of dropping out include low-income students, English learners, youth in foster care, and students with disabilities (1, 5).

Policy options that could promote high school graduation include:

• Ensuring that California's K-12 education system is adequately funded and that its Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) Plan and Local Control Funding Formula are implemented effectively at the district and school levels, with a continued focus on evidence-based strategies to support those at highest risk of dropping out (6, 7)
• Continuing to encourage and support K-12 schools in efforts to mobilize students, families, and community partners in developing comprehensive, coordinated systems to support student needs and promote a positive school climate; such systems should involve school-based services to identify and address student physical, mental, or family health issues, strategies to address behavior problems (e.g., bullying), and efforts to promote social-emotional skills (1, 2, 3)
• Improving policies and practices focused on early identification of students who are struggling, including young students in feeder schools, and providing tailored support (such as community-based tutoring, mentoring, and engagement-building programs for children and families), especially during critical periods, e.g., during the transitions into and out of middle school (1, 2, 3)
• Promoting school discipline policies that are non-punitive, transparent, fair, consistent, and aim to keep students in school when possible (8)
• Ensuring that students are provided with a range of high-quality post-secondary education and workforce engagement opportunities (1)
• Continuing to support and improve comprehensive data systems that accurately document dropout risk factors and inform strategies for student success, including early warning indicators, data sharing, and longitudinal tracking (1)